Industry · Loss adjusting & risk surveys · NZ & AU

The loss report, drafted from the file for the adjuster to check.

Airclerk helps loss adjusting firms put AI to work on the reports that follow a site visit: the claim form, photos, readings and quotes turned into a draft in the instructing insurer’s template, with what the insured said kept apart from what the adjuster saw. The draft arrives with its gaps listed. Causation and the reserve stay with the adjuster, and cover stays with the insurer.

01 / An example · the preliminary report

Illustrative example

Forty-six photos, two quotes and a plumber’s invoice. The insurer wants the report this week.

A preliminary report on an escape of water at a light-industrial showroom, drafted from the claim form, the site photos, moisture readings, the plumber’s invoice, two builders’ quotes and the electrician’s test report. The draft keeps the insured’s account apart from what the photos show, sets the quotes side by side and leaves cover to the insurer. Illustrative claim; no real insured.

Preliminary loss report · Unit 4 · escape of waterDraft for review by the adjuster
Site visit of 14 October. Built from the claim form, 46 photos, moisture readings at 22 points, the plumber’s invoice, two builders’ quotes, the electrician’s test report, the policy schedule and the wording, in the instructing insurer’s preliminary report template. The insured owns the unit and trades from it. Figures in NZD, excluding GST. No view on cover is expressed in this draft.
Showroom · 64 m² of ceiling, 112 m² of floor Water through the ceiling over a weekend. Found by staff on Monday 12 October. The plumber attended the same morning and isolated the supply.
C.1What happened.
  • Insured says
    A pipe burst on the Saturday night and nobody was in the building until Monday. Kept as the insured’s account. claim form, q.4
  • Seen
    A split copper elbow in the ceiling space above the showroom, with fresh staining on 18 ceiling tiles beneath it. photos 08 to 21
  • Plumber
    Describes the fitting as corroded, with signs it had been leaking for some time before it split. invoice 2291
C.2What else the photos show.
  • Seen
    Older brown tide-marks on four tiles about a metre from the fresh staining, and one tile in the same run that has been replaced at some point. photos 15 to 17
  • Needs checking
    The tide-marks and the replaced tile raise a question about earlier water damage. The photos do not show when the staining happened, and the claim form does not mention a previous leak or repair.
C.3Likely cause.
  • Medium
    Sudden failure of a corroded fitting that had probably been weeping before it split. That fits the photos and the plumber’s note. It is not confirmed: the plumber kept the failed fitting, and nobody has examined it.
  • For the adjuster
    Whether part of the damage predates the weekend bears on the wording’s gradual damage exclusion. The evidence on both sides is set out here for the adjuster’s view and the insurer’s decision. Ask the plumber for the fitting, and the insured about earlier leaks and when the replaced tile went in.
Scope of damage · quotes comparedDraft · for the adjuster
ItemInsured’s builderSecond quoteTied to
Ceiling tiles and grid, whole showroom, 64 m²6,8505,92018 tiles stained (photos 08 to 21). Both builders price the whole ceiling to match; for the adjuster to confirm.
Carpet tiles, 112 m²9,4009,180Readings F1 to F14
Wall linings, east wall, lower 600 mm3,2003,050Readings W1 to W8
LED ceiling panels4,3201,440Twelve panels against four. The test report records four failed.
Electrical inspection and test480480Electrician’s report, 13 October
Painting, ceiling and east wall2,1001,940Both quotes
Drying equipment, nine days2,4302,430Four days invoiced to date, five estimated from the drying log
Material damage, before excess28,78024,440
The difference, explained The quotes are 4,340 apart, and 2,880 of that is the lighting. The insured’s builder replaces all twelve panels; the electrician’s report says four failed. Listed for the adjuster to settle with both builders, not split down the middle.
Not yet in the scope The insured expects to lose about two weeks of showroom trade while repairs are done, and the schedule shows business interruption cover. No figure is drafted. A request for monthly sales over the past two years is drafted for the adjuster to send.
Reserve The repair estimates sit between 24,440 and 28,780 before the 2,500 excess on the schedule, with business interruption not yet quantified. The draft states the range. The adjuster recommends the reserve.

Every line in the draft says what kind of statement it is: what the insured said, what the photos show, what the plumber wrote, a reasoned guess at cause with its confidence, and a question about cover that is set out rather than answered. The quotes are compared line by line, and the lighting explains 2,880 of the gap between them. The other 1,460 is spread thinly across the rest, and none of it is averaged away. The adjuster opens the draft and does the adjusting.

The division of labour is written into the report. The workflow drafts: it assembles the file, keeps each kind of statement in its place, compares the quotes and lists what is missing. The adjuster decides causation and the reserve, writes the recommendation and signs the report. Cover is the insurer’s decision, and the draft does not pretend otherwise.

The same discipline runs through nine other workflows, from the final report to the risk survey →

The short answer

How do loss adjusters put AI to work?

Loss adjusters can use AI models such as Claude, Microsoft Copilot or ChatGPT for the reporting that follows a site visit: preliminary, interim and final loss reports drafted in the instructing insurer's template, scopes of damage and quotes compared line by line, the policy wording's relevant clauses set beside the facts, business interruption claims assembled from the insured's records, claimant updates drafted from where the file has reached, and risk survey reports for underwriters. It works from what the firm already keeps, such as the claims system, email, photos and document folders. Claim isolation and sourced figures are built into the workflow, and nothing reaches an insurer or a claimant without the adjuster's approval. The AI drafts the report. It does not decide cover or sign the report.

02 / Workflows

Example AI workflows for loss adjusters.

Each is a candidate first workflow, adapted to the firm’s own templates and claims system, and to its instructing insurers’ reporting guidelines. These are starting patterns rather than a packaged product: each is built against the firm’s own closed files before anyone relies on it. The card marked NZ applies in New Zealand only.

WF-01

Preliminary loss report

The first report after the site visit, drafted in the instructing insurer's template from the claim form, site notes, photos, readings and the policy schedule. The insured's account, what was seen and what was measured stay in separate places, and the draft names what is still needed before the next report.

WF-02

Scope of damage and quote comparison

Quotes broken into line items and compared against the scope and against each other. Differences are explained from the evidence, items outside the scope are flagged, and nothing is averaged to close a gap. Rates come from the quotes and the firm's own schedules, never from memory.

WF-03

Interim and final reports

Each later report drafted from the last one and the file since: what has changed, what has been settled, how the reserve has moved and why, and what is still open. The insurer can follow the claim without rereading the whole file.

WF-04

Policy wording considerations

The clauses that bear on the claim, taken from the wording and schedule actually on file, with the facts pointing each way set beside them. It drafts considerations for the adjuster. It does not decide cover.

WF-05

Business interruption claims

The wording and schedule set the basis of the calculation. The workflow assembles the sales records and accounts behind it, each figure tied to the document it came from and the missing months listed. Adjustments and assumptions are for the adjuster or the forensic accountant to set.

WF-06

Natural hazard claims NZ

For residential claims that involve the Natural Hazards Commission, the file is organised by date of loss, which decides whether the Natural Hazards Insurance Act 2023 or the old EQC Act applies, and the NHC portion is kept apart from the private insurer's. Apportionment stays with the adjuster.

WF-07

Claimant updates

Status updates for the insured and the instructing insurer, drafted from where the file has actually reached and in line with that insurer's guidelines. The adjuster reads and sends them. Nothing goes out by itself.

WF-08

Event surge triage

After a severe weather event, new instructions sorted by severity and location, with possible vulnerability flagged for a person to follow up. It gives the firm a view of the queue. Who attends first is still a person's call.

WF-09

Risk survey reports

Survey notes, photos, plans and fire protection records drafted into a risk survey report for the underwriter: construction, occupancy, protection and exposure, with recommendations ranked and each tied to what was seen. The surveyor sets the ranking and signs the report.

WF-10

Report quality review

The firm's own reports checked before they go out, against the instructing insurer's reporting guidelines and service levels: sections missing, figures that disagree from one page to the next, photos referred to but not attached, and reports close to missing the insurer's service level.

Optional AI Process Assurance can sit behind the workflows we implement: the instructions, sources, exceptions, review changes and sign-off retained as an AI Workpaper, so the firm can show an instructing insurer what the AI did, what it did not do, how the result was checked and who approved it. It is a platform subscription, implemented alongside the workflow, and the workflow runs without it.

03 / How an engagement runs

Four stages, from first conversation to handover.

A free introductory conversation is enough to say whether the report you have in mind is a first workflow, and to quote a fixed fee for it. The detailed design happens inside the engagement, with your adjusters, against your own templates and closed files.

01 · Discuss
Discuss the opportunityFree · introductory

Where AI could make the biggest difference, how that work runs today, the systems it touches and who owns it. We also work out together whether Airclerk is the right partner for it. If we are, the conversation gives us enough to quote.

02 · Agree
Agree the scopeWritten proposal · fixed fee

One document: the outcome we are aiming for, what we deliver, what your team contributes, the fixed fee and timeline, and what acceptance looks like. Nothing starts until it is agreed on both sides.

03 · Build
Design and buildDetailed design first

The engagement opens with the detailed design, agreed with you before anything is built. Then we configure and connect the workflow to your documents and systems, build in the agreed review controls and audit trail, test it on real work, and prepare the people who will run it.

04 · Support
Support and improveHandover · ongoing by agreement

Handover, and the support that follows go-live, are written into the scope so you know what is covered before you sign. Ongoing operations and further workflows are a separate agreement, made when you want them rather than switched on by default.

Read how an engagement runs in detail →

What the design phase covers
  • A map of the firm’s reporting work with candidate workflows ranked by volume, review effort, professional risk and how much of the source material reaches the file in a usable form.
  • Time with adjusters after real site visits, to find what still gets typed up or chased once they are back at the desk.
  • A review of the systems the work runs through: the claims management system, email, photo storage and the portals of the main instructing insurers.
  • An inventory of report templates and service levels by instructing insurer, and of the firm’s own rate schedules and checklists.
  • The agreed first workflow mapped as it is really done, with explicit boundaries around causation, cover, the reserve and anything sent to a claimant.
  • A target architecture covering claim isolation, permissions, source handling, the review gate and the run record.
  • An evaluation plan using closed files, with the adjuster’s own reports held back.
  • A costed roadmap for the workflows that could follow the first.

Airclerk can implement Claude, Microsoft Copilot or ChatGPT depending on the firm’s existing environment. Workflows run on the firm’s approved enterprise instance and under its own vendor agreement.

04 / The first workflow

Controls: start with the report, not the decision.

i.

The first workflow drafts the report. It does not decide the claim.

The first workflow is chosen by volume, how much of the file arrives in a usable form, repeatability and review effort. We would usually suggest the preliminary report or the quote comparison, where the adjuster already does the thinking and loses hours to assembly. Views on cover, settlement offers and anything sent to a claimant stay outside the first workflow until it has proved itself.

ii.

Every report has a named adjuster.

Each draft carries the name of the adjuster who will check and sign it. The workflow stops at that gate. It does not send a report to an insurer or an update to a claimant by itself, and it does not instruct a contractor. Where AI Process Assurance is enabled, the AI Workpaper records which sources were used, what exceptions were raised, what the adjuster changed and whether the gate was passed.

iii.

It is tested on closed files before it goes live.

The workflow gets only what the adjuster had when a past report was written: the claim form, photos, readings, quotes and wording. The report the adjuster actually wrote, and how the claim ended, are held back. Senior adjusters then score the drafts for material errors, missed issues, figures without a source, and places where what the insured said has been written up as fact. Reports from the same claim are kept together, so a later report cannot give away the answer to an earlier one.

iv.

What ships.

The engagement produces: the configured workflow on the firm’s approved AI platform, connected to its records; a Workflow Charter defining its stages, permitted sources and approval gate; a boundary statement describing what the workflow must never decide or do; evaluation results from the closed-file testing; a runbook for adjusters and support staff; training for each role; a retained AI Workpaper for each material run where Assurance is enabled; and the check-ins after go-live that confirm the workflow is being used safely, shaped to the firm and written into the scope. Ongoing operations beyond that are a separate agreement.

05 / The boundary

Drafting the report. Not deciding the claim.

i.

Cover is the insurer’s decision.

An adjuster gives a view on cover; the insurer decides it. The draft sets out the clauses and the facts on each side, and stops there. It never tells a claimant what is or is not covered.

ii.

The claimant’s account stays the claimant’s.

What the insured said is recorded as what they said, with where and when they said it. It is not written up as fact because it is plausible, and it is not discounted because it is inconvenient. Where the evidence disagrees with it, the draft puts the two side by side.

iii.

No figure from memory.

Repair rates, quantities, excesses, sums insured and limits come from the quote, the schedule, the wording or the firm’s own rate schedule, each named. Where a figure is missing, the draft names the gap instead of supplying a likely number. A plausible number in a loss report has a way of becoming the reserve.

iv.

A photo is evidence, not a finding.

Photos are filed against the observation they support, and the adjuster checks anything described from them. A model can say what a photo shows. It cannot say how long a stain has been there. An assessment made from photos alone is labelled as a desktop assessment, not a site inspection.

06 / Why loss adjusting is different

Written for the insurer. Read by everyone.

  • An adjuster’s report is written for the instructing insurer, and may later be read by the claimant, a broker, a dispute resolution scheme or a court. What was seen and what was said need to be told apart, on the page, from what was concluded.
  • In its Weather Events Claims Insights report of 30 July 2025, the FMA recommended that insurers have adequate oversight of every third party involved in a claim, and reported feedback from brokers and dispute resolution schemes that loss assessment in particular needed more of it.
  • Insurers within New Zealand’s CoFI regime have needed a financial institution licence since 31 March 2025, and their fair conduct programmes reach through to how consumers’ claims are handled. On those claims, the adjuster’s file is part of the insurer’s record of how the claimant was treated.
  • The Contracts of Insurance Act 2024 ends all-or-nothing avoidance for most disclosure failures. Where the breach was neither deliberate nor reckless, the remedy turns on what the insurer would have done had it known, and avoidance survives only in specified cases. The evidence for that answer usually sits on the claim file. The Act commences by 15 November 2027 at the latest.
  • Residential natural hazard damage with a date of loss from 1 July 2024 falls under the Natural Hazards Insurance Act 2023 and the Natural Hazards Commission Toka Tū Ake. Claims with an earlier date of loss stay under the Earthquake Commission Act 1993.
  • In Australia, ASIC’s guidance on claims handling and settling (INFO 253, updated June 2025) gives loss adjusters as an example of people who may not need their own claims handling authorisation. That turns on what the firm actually does: a firm handling claims more broadly on an insurer’s behalf needs to check whether it falls into a category that does.
07 / Common questions

Common questions.

01How do loss adjusters put AI to work?

Loss adjusters can use AI for the reporting that follows a site visit: turning the claim form, site notes, photos, readings and quotes into a draft preliminary report in the instructing insurer's template, comparing quotes line by line against the scope, carrying each interim and final report forward from the last one, setting the relevant policy clauses beside the facts, assembling business interruption claims and drafting claimant updates. Airclerk implements these as governed workflows connected to the records the firm already keeps. The adjuster reviews every draft and signs the report.

02Can the AI give a view on causation or cover?

It can draft a likely cause for the adjuster to check, with a stated confidence and the evidence that would confirm or rule it out. On cover it goes no further than setting out the relevant clauses of the wording on file and the facts that bear on each. The adjuster gives the opinion and the insurer decides cover. Nothing the workflow drafts reaches a claimant without the adjuster's approval.

03Every insurer we work for has its own report template. Does that matter?

It is the normal case, and the design phase plans for it. The workflow drafts into the template and reporting guidelines of the insurer that instructed the claim, so the same firm can produce one insurer's format this morning and another's this afternoon. Which templates are built first is settled in design, usually by instruction volume.

04We already run a claims management system. Is this a replacement?

No. The claims system stays the record of the claim. The workflow reads from what the firm already keeps, such as the claims system, email, photo storage and document folders, and works on what is still done by hand: the report narrative, the quote comparison and the chasing. Whether it connects directly or works from an export depends on what the system offers and what the firm's licence allows, and it is settled in the design phase.

05How does Airclerk keep claim information confidential?

Two controls come first. Claim isolation: one claim's file, and one instructing insurer's material, is walled off from another's. Permission-aware access: the workflow sees only the records the person running it is already authorised to see in the firm's existing systems. Before any claim information is connected, Airclerk reviews the AI vendor's enterprise terms, retention, training use, subprocessors and data-location arrangements, and checks them against what the firm's agreements with its instructing insurers require. The implementation runs on the firm's approved enterprise instance, under its own agreement with the AI provider.

06What is AI Process Assurance for loss adjusting?

In plain terms: the workflow keeps a record of its sources, the checks it ran and who approved the result. Airclerk calls this AI Process Assurance. A Workflow Charter defines the expected process, approved sources, professional boundaries and review gates. A Semantic Audit records what actually happened during the run. The retained AI Workpaper shows the sources used, exceptions raised, review changes and final approval. It does not claim to capture everything an adjuster does. It creates a reviewable record for the specific AI-assisted workflows the firm chooses to govern, and it is optional: the workflow runs without it.

07Which firms is this for?

Independent loss adjusting firms, in-house assessing teams inside insurers, and risk survey practices that report to underwriters. The first workflow is chosen around the firm's actual reporting rather than its label. If you are an insurer looking at the claims file from the other side, the insurers and MGAs page covers claims file summarisation and the rest of the underwriting and claims work.

Talk to us

Discuss your loss reports.

Start with the question we would ask first: after a site visit, what do you still have to type up or chase before the report goes to the insurer? An introductory conversation is enough to say whether that is a first workflow and what it would cost to build.

Talk to us →